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The History of the British 62nd Division in the Great War

The definitive work on this subject is Everard Wyrall’s “The History of the 62nd (West Riding) Division 1914 – 1919”, and due acknowledgement is made to this book for much of the information contained in the brief summary which follows.

1.   Origins

On the outbreak of war in August 1914, the West Riding (Territorial) Division was formed from territorial battalions of the West Riding regiments. Thus:-

1st West Riding Infantry Brigade – 5th, 6th, 7th & 8th West Yorkshire Regiment.

2nd West Riding Infantry Brigade – 4th, 5th, 6th, & 7th Duke of Wellington’s Regiment.

3rd West Riding Infantry Brigade – 4th & 5th York and Lancaster Regiment together with the 4th and 5th King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry.

During September 1914 all these battalions were redesignated ‘Service’ battalions and at the same time each battalion raised a ‘Reserve’ battalion bearing the same number. From the reserve battalions was formed the 2nd (West Riding) Division.

Thus at this stage there were:-

1st (West Riding) Division – 1/1st W.R. Infantry Brigade – 5th (Service), 6th (Service), 7th (Service) and 8th (Service) battalions, West Yorks;

2nd (West Riding) Division – 2/1st W.R. Infantry Brigade – 5th (Reserve), 6th (Reserve), 7th (Reserve) and 8th (Reserve) battalions, West Yorks;

and so also with the other brigades.

In February 1915 the designations ‘Service’ and ‘Reserve’ were dropped and replaced by the prefixes 1/ and 2/ respectively. Thus for example 6th (Service) Battalion became 1/6th Battalion and 6th (Reserve) Battalion became 2/6th Battalion.  When the 1st (West Riding) Division went to France in April 1915, it was re-named 49th (West Riding) Division and its three brigades became 146th, 147th and 148th Infantry Brigades respectively. At the same time 2nd (West Riding) Division became a training and reinforcement formation to supply 49 Div with replacements.

In August 1915 a third West Riding division and its corresponding brigades and battalions were formed. The 2nd (West Riding) Division was then re-designated 62nd (West Riding) Division and its three brigades became 185th, 186th and 187th Infantry Brigades respectively. The 3rd (West Riding) Division never became an active service division but remained in the UK as a holding formation.

2.   Home Service

62 Div was stationed at various places during its time in UK, including Tyneside. The first Divisional HQ was established at Doncaster on 17.2.15 with Maj Gen Sir J. Trotter as GOC (General Officer Commanding). He was replaced on 24.12.15 by Maj Gen W.P. Braithwaite CB, who had been Sir Ian Hamilton’s CGS at Gallipoli. The division’s final location in UK was Bedford. Between 8 and 12.1.17 it embarked at Southampton and entered France through the port of Le Havre.

3.   Acclimatization to the Front Line

On arrival in France 62 Div was posted to V Corps, 5th Army and sent to camp in the Beauval and Bus area, which it reached on 23.1.17. Parties were attached to 19 and 32 Divs to gain experience and between 13 and 15.2.17 62 Div relieved 32 Div in the line in the Beaumont-Hamel Sector.

4.      German Withdrawal to the Hindenburg Line

On 23.2.17 the German army started its voluntary withdrawal from the front line established at the end of the Somme (1916) battle to the Hindenburg Line, and the BEF (British Expeditionary Force) followed it up closely, applying some pressure. 62 Div pushed forward patrols on 24th and began to advance on 25th, reaching the line Serre - Miraumont that night and Gomiécourt on 18.3.17. The divisions flanking 62 Div, viz 7 and 18, were converging and by 19.3.17 they met at St Léger, squeezing 62 Div out of the line. The German withdrawal ended with the British line running just south of Bullecourt.

5.   The Battle of Bullecourt

On 9.3.17 the BEF began its Arras offensive in support of the French ‘Nivelle’ offensive. The main British attack, involving the 1st and 3rd Armies, extended from Vimy Ridge to Croisilles, while 5th Army was to make a subsidiary attack on the Hindenburg Line at Bullecourt. 62 Div took over the sector of the line between Bullecourt and the River Sensée at Croisilles on 5.4.17. An attack at Bullecourt by 62 Div and 4 Australian Div on their right was ordered for 9.4.17 but then postponed to 10th and again to 11th. On that day the Australians attacked and reached Riencourt and Hendecourt, but a counter attack forced them back to their start line. 62 Div were intended to occupy Bullecourt and attack the Hindenburg line but through communications failures took no significant part in this phase of the battle. After several more postponements a further attack was made on 3.5.17. This time 62 Div had 2 Aust Div on its right. 62 Div entered part of Bullecourt at a high cost in casualties and elements of the division remained in action until the capture of the village was completed by 58 Div on 17.5.17. They finally left the sector on 29.5.17, after handing over to 58 Div, and retired to the Gomiécourt - Achiet-le-Petit - Sapignies area for a period of rest. On 31.5.17 V Corps (including 62 Div) were transferred from 5th to 3rd Army.

6.   Routine Trench Warfare

62 Div were out of the line for some four weeks, during which they trained and provided working parties. They returned to front line duty at Lagnicourt between 25 and 26.6.17 and continued normal routine trench duties in the Bullecourt, Noreuil and Lagnicourt sectors until handing over to 3 Div between 9 and 12.10.17.

7.   Battle Training before the Battle of Cambrai (1917)

On 12.10.17 the division went into the training areas around Haplincourt and Barastre nearby for infantry training. Then on 30.10.17 they moved to Fosseux where they were in 3rd Army Reserve but came under XVII Corps for Admin and IV Corps for training. From 2 to 12.11.17 the units of 62 Div received special training in attack with tanks at Wailly and co-operation with aircraft at Berneville. The division was now transferred to IV Corps in 3rd Army.

8.   The Battle of Cambrai (1917)

8.1  Background

This operation was first conceived as a one-day, tank-led raid on the Hindenburg Line near Cambrai, where the ground was suitable for tracked vehicles. But in the planning stage it developed into a full scale attack on a two-corps front (10km). There was to be no preliminary bombardment and strict secrecy was to be maintained during the preparatory stage. The operation was to be called off after 48 hours if the situation then did not look promising.

 

8.2 Order of Battle

The operation was conducted by 3rd Army with IV Corps on the left of the line, III Corps on the right and V Corps in reserve. Within IV Corps, 36 Div were on the left to secure the left flank of the advance, 62 Div were in the centre facing Havrincourt and 51 Div on the right facing Flesquières.

8.3  62 Div Operations

8.3.1 First Tour

On 20.11.17, the opening day of the battle, 62 Div broke through both the Hindenburg Main and Support Lines, occupying Havrincourt and Graincourt, and by the end of the day had crossed the Bapaume to Cambrai road. This represented an advance of 7 km in one day, an outstanding achievement at that time. The next day the division took Anneux and the tanks entered Bourlon Wood, but the infantry were too exhausted to follow them. That night the 48 hour review point was reached and III Corps were ordered to establish a defensive front while IV Corps attacked Bourlon Wood and village. Most of the remaining serviceable tanks were now with IV Corps. On 22.11.17 German counter attacks drove the front line back south of the Bapaume to Cambrai road, but later that day 62 Div attacks restored the front to that reached on 21st. During the night of 22/23.11.17 62 Div was relieved by 40 Div and moved back to the area Neuville - Ruyaulcourt - Havrincourt Wood - Bertincourt for rest and recuperation.

8.3.2  Interim

Between 23 and 24.11.17 40 Div captured most of Bourlon Wood and entered Bourlon village, though without capturing it.

8.3.3  Second Tour

On 25.11.17 62 Div relieved 40 Div in the line. The next day a high level conference was held, the C in C, Sir Douglas Haig presiding, to decide the next moves. The front line in the IV Corps sector now lay in the low ground between Flesquières Ridge and Bourlon Ridge to the north, a bad position in which to overwinter. So either Bourlon Ridge including the village and wood, must be taken and held, or the British line must be pulled back to the Flesquières Ridge. It was decided to attempt the former. The attack was made on 27.11.17 by 62 Div, with the Guards Div on their right attacking Fontaine. 62 Div completed the capture of the wood and about half of the village, but a counter attack later the same day forced them back to their start line of that morning. At this point the British offensive was virtually at an end, and it was decided to withdraw the line to the Flesquières Ridge for the winter. The 28.11.17 was a quiet day except for artillery exchanges and on the night of 28-29.11.17 62 Div was relieved by 47 Div and moved to the Beaumetz -  Lebucquière - Bertincourt area for rest. This marked the end of 62 Div’s active participation in the battle. On 30.11.17 the main German counter attack began.

9.      After the Battle of Cambrai

62 Div spent the next month resting or in reserve behind the Arras front. On 4.12.17 they entrained at Frémicourt for the Arras - Bailleulmont - Blairville area, where they came under XVII Corps, the left flanking corps of 3rd Army. Two days later they were transferred to XIII Corps, the right flanking corps of 1st Army, and camped in the Frévin-Capelle - Capelle-Fermont area. On 8.12.17 they were again transferred, this time to I Corps, whose sector lay immediately north of XIII Corps’, and camped at Vendin-lès-Béthune. Then on 17.12.17 they returned to XIII Corps and stayed in the Monchy-Breton - Magnicourt area. From 20 to 31.12.17 they were in XIII Corps Reserve. On 31.12.17 they were warned to prepare to relieve 56 Div in the Oppy - Gavrelle sector just north-east of Arras (now just north of the A1/A26 motorway interchange). They travelled to the front via Tinques, Maroeuil and Roclincourt and relieved 56 Div between 5 and 9.1.18. From 9.1.18 to 8.2.18 they carried out routine trench duties on what was then a quiet front.

10. The Battalion Disbandments

10.1  Background

By the end of 1917 UK manpower resources were under strain, so the Government set up the Manpower Committee to examine and report on the matter. Its main recommendation with regard to the army was to reduce all UK infantry brigades on the Western Front from four to three battalions. In practice this meant that 141 battalions were disbanded and their men transferred to other battalions of the same regiment in the same or other divisions. At the same time each division received a ‘pioneer’ infantry battalion not attached to a brigade but forming part of the divisional troops.

10.2  The Disbandments in 62 Div

The 62 Div disbandments took place nominally on 31.1.18 and were 2/6 West Yorks, 2/6 Duke of Wellington’s and 2/5 York and Lancaster Regiments. At the same time 49 Div disbanded 1/8 West Yorks, 1/5 Duke of Wellington’s and 1/5 King’s Own Yorks L.I. Drafts from these joined 2/8 WYR, 2/5 DWR and 2/5 KOYLI, which then dropped their prefix. There were also other transfers of men from the disbanded battalions, both between the two divisions and outside them. On 12.2.18 9 Durham Light Infantry was transferred from 50 Div to 62 Div as its pioneer battalion. Thus 62 Div’s new order of battle became:-

         185 Brigade   2/5, 2/7 and 8 WYR

         186 Brigade   2/4, 5 and 2/7 DWR

         187 Brigade   2/4 Y&LR; 2/4 and 5 KOYLI

         Pioneers         9 DLI

11. After the Battalion Disbandments

The disbandments had taken place while 62 Div was in the line in the Oppy - Gavrelle sector. Between 8 and 12.3.18 they were relieved by 56 Div and moved to XIII Corps Reserve with Divisional HQ at Villers-Châtel. Then between 28.2.18 and 3.3.18 they moved back into the line in the left hand sector of XIII Corps (Arleux - Acheville) and there experienced a further period of routine trench warfare.  On 9.3.18 their four machine gun companies, 201, 208, 212 and 213 Coys MGC (Machine Gun Corps) were amalgamated into the new 62 Battalion MGC. The division was still in this sector when the German MICHAEL offensive opened on 21.3.18.

12. The German MICHAEL Offensive

12.1 Background

The German spring offensives of 1918 were intended to bring the war to a satisfactory end before the US army in France could become effective. The first of their offensives was that code named MICHAEL. It fell, from right to left, on the British 5th Army (La Fère to Gonnelieu), on 3rd Army (Gonnelieu to Gavrelle) and on the right flanking division of 1st Army in the Oppy - Gavrelle sector. 5th Army was forced to retreat and 3rd Army, though successfully resisting the enemy attacks, was obliged to swing its front to the south and west, hinged on Arras, and to extend it to conform with 5th Army’s retreat and keep in contact with them.

12.2  62 Div’s Operations

On 21.3.18 all divisions in 5th and 3rd Armies were attacked, together with 56 Div, the right flanking division of XIII Corps, 1st Army, in the Oppy - Gavrelle sector.  62 Div, who were on the left of 56 Div and in the Arleux - Acheville sector, were bombarded but not attacked. On 23.3.18 their relief by 3 Canadian Div began and they marched back to camp in the Roclincourt area. As they came out of the line they were transferred brigade by brigade to XVII Corps of 3rd Army and marched to the Arras area with divisional HQ at Warlus. On 25.3.18 they reached Ayette, where they came under the orders of IV Corps and were sent on to Bucquoy, where a gap was opening up between IV and V Corps. They began to arrive at 10 am, and took up positions near Achiet-le-Petit. During the night of 25 to 26.3.18 they withdrew from Achiet-le-Petit to the line Bucquoy - Puisieux. On 26.3.18 62 Div were heavily attacked but held their line. During the night of 26 to 27.3.18, 4 Australian Brigade arrived and came under orders of 62 Div. It took up position on the right wing of the division to help fill a gap developing between 62 Div and 12 Div, the left flanking division of V Corps. Later that night the New Zealand Div began to arrive and moved up to Serre, finally filling the gap. On 27.3.18 more heavy fighting took place in which the Germans attempted to turn the right flank of 62 Div at Rossignol Wood and so divide 62 Div from 4 Australian Brigade. Fighting continued through the night, and throughout 28.3.18 strong attacks were made upon 62 Div and 4 Australian Brigade. The front held and later that day the attacks died away. During the nights of 28 to 29.3.18, 31.3.18 to 1.4.18 and 1 to 2.4.18 62 Div was relieved, brigade by brigade by 42 and 37 Divs, and moved back to the Souastre - Hénu - Pas - Marieux - Autie area. During the period 29.3.18 to 5.4.18 the German attacks weakened and the MICHAEL offensive finally closed on 5.4.18.

13. After the MICHAEL Offensive

For the first few days of April, 62 Div enjoyed a period of rest and refitting until the night of 6 to 7.4.18 when it returned to the front to relieve 42 Div in the Bucquoy sector. The next fortnight or so was comparatively quiet and the division spent that time in strengthening its defences. During the nights of 23 to 24 and 24 to 25.4.18 37 Div relieved 62 Div, which then moved back to the Authie area in Corps Reserve. The division remained out of the line for three weeks until returning to relieve 37 Div on 16 and 17,5,18. They remained in position for the following five weeks, during which trench warfare was carried on with patrols, raids and heavy bombardments mounted by both sides. During the month of June, in consequence of the losses incurred by the BEF in the German MICHAEL, GEORGETTE (Battle of the Lys) and BLÜCHER (Third Aisne) offensives, a number of UK divisions were disbanded and the personnel drafted to other divisions as reinforcements. Accordingly on 1.6.18 orders were received that 2/7 WYR and 2/7 DWR were to proceed to base to become training cadres after reinforcing the remaining battalions in their respective brigades. The 1/5 Devons and 2/4 Hants Regiments were to replace them in the 62 Div. On 16.6.18 the training cadres left for Boulogne and on 19.6.18 their surplus personnel proceeded to the Infantry Base Depot at Étaples. Thus 62 Div’s new order of battle became:-

      185 Brigade   2/5 & 8 WYR, 1/5 Devon Regt.

      186 Brigade   2/4 & 5 DWR, 2/4 Hants Regt.

      187 Brigade   2/4 Y&LR, 2/4 & 5 KOYLI

      Pioneers         9 DLI

The division was now losing its West Riding character: its personnel had, of course, long since ceased to be wholly West Riding territorials. 62 Div were relieved by 37 Div on 24.6.18 and went into GHQ Reserve in the Pas – Authieule – Amplier – Terramesnil – Hénu – Thièvres and Couin area, being warned to be ready to join XXII Corps at nine hour’s notice.

14.  Second Battle of the Marne

14.1Background

After the MICHAEL and GEORGETTE (Battle of the Lys) offensives, that had been directed against the BEF, the third, codenamed BLÜCHER, fell on the French VI Army – which at that time included the British IX Corps (21, 50, 8 and 25 Divs, later reinforced by 19 Div) – on the Chemin des Dames front. The battle lasted from 27.5.18 to 4.6.18 and created a salient on a base of 80 km from Noyon to Reims, and extending south to Château Thierry on the River Marne, a depth of 50 km. The salient was enlarged somewhat during the course of the two subsequent (and less successful) German operations viz the GNEISENAU offensive between 9 and 13.6.18 and the FRIEDENSTURM offensive between 15 and 17.7.18. The latter was the last of the German offensives. It entailed attacks each side of Reims in an attempt to isolate the city. The right arm of the pincer movement included a drive up the valley of the River Ardre, which rises in the Reims Forest to the south of the city and flows for 30 km in a north-west direction to join the River Vesle at Fismes. This drive was opposed by the Italian II Corps, which was incorporated in the French V Army. The drive was halted on 17.7.18 and the exhausted Italian Corps was relieved by 51 and 62 Divs, which were part of the British XXII Corps seconded by the BEF at the request of Gen Foch, then the C in C (Commander in Chief) of the Allied Armies in France. The subsequent allied offensive, known in the British nomenclature as Second Marne and designed to eliminate the BLÜCHER salient, began on 18.7.18 with attacks on its western and southern flanks, followed two days later by others  on its eastern flank. The attack and advance of 7 km down the Ardre valley by 51 and 62 Divs was part of the French offensive of 20.7.18 and is known in the British nomenclature as the Battle of Tardenois.

14.2 The Move to the Marne

After 62 Div had been in GHQ (General Headquarters) Reserve for three weeks, orders were received transferring it from IV Corps to XXII Corps, which would then consist of 15, 34, 51 and 62 Divs. The Corps was to travel south to the French sector, where 15 Div would join the French XX Corps and 34 Div the French XXX Corps, both in the French X Army located on the western flank of the BLÜCHER salient, while 51 and 62 Divs were to constitute a depleted British XXII Corps and join the French V Army on the eastern flank of the salient. On 14.7.18 62 Div began entraining at Doullens and Mondicourt; on 16.7.18 they reached Mailly-le-Camp and detrained at Mailly, Arcis and Sommesous. When detrained, the division moved by bus to billeting areas at Juvigny, Recy and Aulnay, in the French IV Army area and close to the River Marne. On arrival there they received orders to go to the French V Army the next day. Accordingly, on 17.7.18 they moved on, some by bus, others by marching, to Tours-sur-Marne, Plivot, Athis, Cherville, Bisseuil and Mareuil. By 19.7.18 they were in their concentration areas for the forthcoming operations, viz Saint-Imoges, Germaine and Ferme-d’Eceuil near Chamery. XXII Corps’ headquarters was at Vertus.

14.3 XXII Corps Operations in the Ardre Valley (Battle of Tardenois)

The plan was for XXII Corps to attack down the Ardre valley at 8 am on 20.7.18 with 51 Div on the left side of the river and 62 Div on the right. 62 Div’s start line was Pourcy to Bois de Pourcy. French and Italian artillery were to support them. Above the start line the valley was heavily wooded and difficult to penetrate, while below, it was 2 to 3 km wide with corn-fields near the river and enclosed by steep, heavily wooded hills each side. The attack began on time, and after a hard day’s fighting Courmas had been captured, and the XXII corps front passed just east of Espilly, Marfaux and Cuitron, thence through the woods, west of Courmas and on to the cross-roads between Bouilly and Onrézy. Next day, 21.7.18, attempts were made to clear the woods on the right of the 62 Div sector of enemy machine guns so that Marfaux and Cuitron could be assaulted, but they failed with heavy casualties. That evening the XXII Corps cyclist battalion, from the New Zealand Cyclist Corps, was placed under 62 Div orders. On 22.7.18 further action was taken to clear the woods and this time was partially successful. Fighting patrols were sent against Marfaux but could not enter it. On 23.7.18 the woods were finally cleared of the enemy with assistance from the French on the right, whereupon Marfaux and Cuitron were captured. During the night of 23 to 24.7.18, 62 Div HQ moved up to Hautvillers. The 24.7.18 was a relatively quiet day, though Marfaux and Cuitron were heavily shelled by the Germans. During the day the 62 Div front was shortened by the French on the right taking over the responsibility for the wooded upper slopes of the valley. During the night of 24 to 25.7.18 there was a very heavy German air attack on Épernay and the area as far as Châlons-en-Champagne, during which the French ammunition and petrol dumps were hit and destroyed. One account says that 62 Div’s ammunition column was attacked on the Reims to Épernay road during this raid and suffered damage. On 25.7.18 a XXII Corps conference was held at which an attack was decided on for 27.7.18. On 26.7.18 Marfaux, Cuitron and Pourcy were heavily shelled by the enemy but the front was otherwise quiet. During the day a divisional commanders’ conference was held to plan the attacks on the 27th. The main attack was to be made by 51 Div, aided by one brigade of 62 Div, transferred to the left bank of the river for that purpose, while the left flanking brigade of 62 Div was to advance and keep in touch with the right flank of 51 Div. The French would attack La Neuville and Paradis in their sector on the left of 51 Div. During the night of 26 to 27.7.18, on orders from OHL (Oberste Heeresleitung – Supreme Army Command), the German front was withdrawn to the line Vrigny to Ville-en-Tardenois. In the Ardre valley this meant falling back to and holding Bligny and Montagne-de-Bligny. On 27.7.18 the planned attack took place, but, because of the overnight German withdrawal, met little opposition. In the morning Espilly and Nappes were taken, as was Chaumuzy in the afternoon. Bligny and Montagne-de-Bligny were reached but were strongly held by the enemy rearguards. The same day 62 Div HQ moved to Nanteuil, from which practically the whole of the battlefield could be seen. On 28.7.18 Bligny and Montagne-de-Bligny were captured by 62 Div despite renewed German resistance. (Later 8 WYR was awarded the French Croix de Guerre for the latter operation). During the night of 28 to 29.7.18, contacts were made with the French on the right of 62Div and there was some patrolling beyond Bligny and around Montagne-de-Bligny. The next day, 29.7.18, there was some further fighting near Montagne-de-Bligny and 62 Div received notification that XXII Corps was to be pulled out for entrainment to another area. On 30.7.18 62 Div was relieved by the French and retired from the line and on 31.7.18 one brigade from each of 51 and 62 Divs made a farewell march-past before Gen Berthelot, commander of the French V Army.

15. Interim

After leaving the French V Army, 62 Div arrived back in the IV Corps area on 5.8.18 and camped at Pas, Vauchelles and Saint-Léger. From 6 to 12.8.18 they were engaged in reorganization and training, then on 8.8.18 orders were received to disband 2/5 WYR. The men were to go to 8 WYR to fill it up to establishment of 900, the rest to go to other Yorkshire regiments in 62 Div. The disbandment took place on 13.8.18 and 2/5 WYR were replaced in 185 Brigade by 2/20 London Regiment, which reached 62 Div on 10.8.18 from Palestine. The New Zealand Cyclist battalion would have been returned to XXII Corps troops on completion of the Ardre valley operations, so the order of battle of 62 Div at this stage was:-

                     185 Brigade   8 WYR, 1/5 Devon Regt, 2/20 London Regt

                     186 Brigade   2/4 and 5 DWR, 2/4 Hants Regt

                     187 Brigade   2/4 Y&LR, 2/4 and 5 KOYLI

                     Pioneers                     9 DLI

Only six of the ten battalions were now from West Riding Regiments, though all were still territorial battalions. On 21.8.18 the 62 Div artillery supported 37 Div of IV Corps, 3rd Army, in an attack north of the River Ancre between Miraumont and Moyenneville. On 23.8.18 the Battle of Albert ended and 62 Div received orders to join VI Corps that night and relieve 3 Div around the railway east of Courcelles-le-Comte on 24.8.18.

16. The Last Hundred Days.

16.1 Background

This name is commonly given to the last three months of the war, during which the allies made their final, uninterrupted advance to the Armistice line of 11.11.18. For the BEF it can be considered to have begun with the opening of the Battle of Amiens on 8.8.18. 62 Div became involved in the advance when, after its participation in Second Marne, it returned to the BEF, joined VI Corps of 3rd Army and took its place in the line in the Ervillers - Sapignies sector on 25.8.18.

 

16.2 The Advance to Vaulx-Vraucourt

On 24.8.18 orders were received from VI Corps that the advance on Vaulx-Vraucourt was to be continued on 25.8.18. that the relief of 3 Div was postponed, and that 62 Div was to relieve two brigades of 2 Div instead. The next day, 25.8.18, 62 Div attacked on a 4 km front between Ervillers and Sapignies eastwards towards Mory. Mory was taken and the line Mory - Favreuil reached. That evening heavy enemy counter-attacks were beaten off and 37 Div (in IV Corps and on the right of 62 Div) took Favreuil. On 26.8.18 the front was advanced about 1 km to a line through Beugnâtre. On 27.8.18 little progress was made but on 28.8.18 the division pushed forward to a line roughly following the Beugnâtre – Écoust-Saint-Mein road. During the day Maj Gen Sir Robert Whigham KCB DSO took over command of 62 Div from Maj Gen W.P.Braithwaite CB, who left to command IX Corps. The following day, 29.8.18, little progress was made despite hard fighting. On 30.8.18 Vraucourt and Vaulx-Vraucourt were attacked with the assistance of eight Mk V tanks. This attack continued with varying fortune through 31.8.18 and the next day, but by the end of 1.9.18 Vraucourt and Vaulx-Vraucourt had been cleared and the 62 Div line ran north to south just east of Vaulx-Vraucourt. (These operations took place on the southern edge of the Battle of the Scarpe 1918 – 21.8.18 to 31.8.18 ­– though just outside the area of the battle as defined by the Battles Nomenclature Committee.)

 

16.3 The Drocourt - Quéant Switch

This was the central of the three branches of the Hindenburg Line at its northern end – see paragraph 16.5.1 below. The westernmost branch of the Hindenburg Line from Quéant to Arras had been broken through on 28 to 29.8.18 during the Battle of the Scarpe and a similar fate befell the southern end of the Drocourt – Quéant Switch on 2 and 3.9.18.

The 62 Div operations lay immediately to the south of the main battle, Quéant being 5 km to the north-north-east of Morchies.

The VI Corps orders reaching 62 Div on 1.9.18 were that the division would attack Morchies on 2.8.18, while 3 Div of VI Corps on the left would attack Lagnicourt and 5 Div of IV Corps on the right would attack Beugny. Eight Mk IV tanks would be available to support 62 Div. If Morchies was taken, 62 Div was to pass on to Beaumetz, supported by six Whippet tanks from VI Corps Reserve. In the event 62 Div met strong resistance on 2.9.18 and had only limited success. They pushed the line forward by 1 km and in the early hours of 3.9.18 were relieved by 2 Div. The division retired to the Ervillers - Béhagnies - Sapignies - Courcelles-le-Comte area, where they went into XI Corps Support.

 

16.4 The Battle of Havrincourt 1918 (12.9.18)

On 8.9.18 the GOC VI Corps came to 62 Div HQ to inform its GOC that it was to make the attack on Havrincourt on 11.9.18. The village would not, in the course of events, have fallen within the 62 Div front, but in view of the division’s previous performance there (on 20.11.17) the Corps boundaries had been adjusted to give them the opportunity to repeat their success. In support of their operation 2 Div of VI Corps would attack on the Canal du Nord on their left and 37 Div of IV Corps would take Trescault on their right. No tanks would be available but substantial artillery and machine gun barrages would be laid down in support. Later, the attack was postponed until 12.9.18. On 10.9.18 the division moved forward from the VI Corps support area and bivouacked in Havrincourt and Vélu Woods. On 11.9.18 reconnaissances were made of the assembly positions, routes taped and communications cables laid, and during the night of 11 to 12.9.18 attacking units moved up into their assembly positions. Zero hour was 5.45 am on 12.9.18.

Shortly before this the enemy commenced a counter-preparation bombardment, but at zero hour British artillery laid down a creeping barrage and the advance began. By noon the Hindenburg Main Line had been breached, and the village taken and cleared of the enemy. By early evening the line lay just beyond the village to its north and east and extended to the divisional boundaries. At 7 pm the enemy opened a violent bombardment of the village, supported by aerial bombing, and then launched a counter-attack, which was broken up by artillery fire. The official end of the battle was at midnight of 12.9.18. The night of 12 to 13.9.18 saw some patrolling and between 4 am and 7 am on 13.9.18 the enemy again bombarded the village and a counter-attack followed, during which the enemy entered the village. A subsequent British counter-attack drove them out again and re-established the line. On 14.9.18 attacks were made to clear the enemy from the Hindenburg Main Line between the village and the south divisional boundary and subsequent counter-attacks were beaten off. 15.9.18 was a quiet day, during which a letter of congratulation was received from GOC 3rd Army, Gen Byng, under whom 62 Div had also made its 1917 capture of Havrincourt. During the night of 15 to 16.9.18 62 Div was relieved by 3 Div and withdrew to the Béhagnies - Sapignies area.

16.5  The Battle of the Canal du Nord and Breaking of the Hindenburg Line (27.9.18 to 5.10.18)

16.5.1 Background

The most formidable part of the Hindenburg Line (Siegfried Stellung) ran from Saint-Quentin, up the east side of the Saint-Quentin Canal to Banteux, where it crossed the canal. From there it swung westward and passed through Havrincourt.

A lesser arm then ran up the east side of the Canal du Nord (which was dry, since it was incomplete at the outbreak of the war), while the greater arm crossed the canal and ran up its west side to Moeuvres, where it turned towards Quéant.

From Quéant a short branch ran through Bullecourt and ended at the River Scarpe facing Arras, while a longer and stronger branch ran northwards past Drocourt to Lille, where it joined the defences around the city. In the British nomenclature the Quéant to Arras branch was regarded as simply a continuation of the Hindenburg Line, while the Quéant to Lille branch (Wotan Stellung) was called the Drocourt - Quéant Switch. By 26.9.18 the British 1st and 3rd Armies had broken through the Drocourt - Quéant Switch (2 to 2.9.18) and reached the west side of the Canal du Nord between Écourt-Saint-Quentin and Havrincourt, where 62 Div had recently captured the village and a short length of the Hindenburg Front Line trenches. Thence the British line ran southwards to Gouzeaucourt and from there to Vendhuille on the St Quentin Canal. It then continued southward close to the west bank of the canal to Holnon near Saint-Quentin. The Third Army lay between Écourt-Saint-Quentin and Vendhuille and the 4th Army between Vendhuille and Holnon, where the French I Army sector began.

16.5.2 62 Div Operations

On 17.9.18 62 Div received their orders from VI Corps regarding the next stage of operations. VI Corps were to capture the Hindenburg Support Line, Ribécourt and Flesquières and establish a bridgehead across the St Quentin Canal east of Marcoing. In the first phase the Guards Div on the left and 3 Div on the right would take the Hindenburg Support Line and Flesquières, whereupon 2 Div and 62 Div would pass through them and continue eastwards to Marcoing. On 25.9.18 62 Divisional orders for the attack were issued and brigades began their planning, and at dusk 62 Div moved up to the staging area Beugny - Frémicourt - Vaulx-Vraucourt. During the night of 26 to 27.9.18 the division took up their assembly positions, one brigade on the west side of the Canal du Nord and the other immediately south-west of Havrincourt on the east side of the canal. At 5.20 am on 27.9.18 the 1st and 3rd Armies attacked with IV, VI, XVII and Canadian Corps on a 21 km front from Gouzeaucourt to Sauchy Lestrée. The vital point of the attack was the Canal du Nord near Moeuvres. On the VI Corps front the Guards Div and 3 Div crossed the canal in the face of strong machine gun fire. 62 Div stared their move forward at 8 am, following close behind the reserve brigade of 3 Div. There was heavy fighting all day and by 8.30 pm 3 Div had withdrawn and 62 Div held a line just east of Ribécourt. In the early hours of 28.9.18 attacks were resumed towards Marcoing and Masnières. Fierce fighting continued all the day, and by 6 pm Marcoing had been taken, together with the trenches on the east side of the St Quentin Canal. On 29.9.18 the attack was renewed with Masnières and Rumilly as the objectives. By noon Masnières had been captured and cleared, but because of fierce opposition Rumilly was not taken that day. The orders for the following day, 30.9.18, were to take Rumilly and then drive on to Séranvillers and Wambaix. But despite hard fighting Rumilly did not fall, so the advance beyond was not achieved that day. At 6 am on 1.10.18 3 Div passed through 62 Div and attacked Rumilly, and on being so relieved 62 Div withdrew to areas around Havrincourt. That day the C in C, Sir Douglas Haig wrote to the GOC 62 Div offering his congratulations and thanks to the division, and the same day a message to the same effect was received from their old GOC Lt Gen Braithwaite, whose own IX Corps (46 and 32 Divs) had broken through the Hindenburg Line in a spectacular manner on 29.9.18 at Bellenglise. It is noteworthy that in these operations VI Corps was advancing along the Hindenburg line in its sector rather than across it. The battle continued until 5.10.18 but 62 Div took no further part in it. At the end of the battle the whole of the Hindenburg Line defences along the front attacked had been taken. This marked the end of the first phase of the final advance: from now on there were no further carefully prepared enemy defensive positions to be faced.

 

16.6  The Capture of Solesmes

 

16.6.1 Background

From 1 to 17.10.18 62 Div were out of the line, apparently in VI Corps Reserve, but were following up as the advance progressed so that by 15.10.18 they were camped around Estourmel. That day 62 Div HQ received orders to be ready to capture Solesmes and the high ground to the east of the River Selle on or about 20.10.18. The River Selle at Solesmes was normally about 6 metres wide and 1.5 metres deep, with a muddy bed and steep banks, but was at this time swelled by heavy rains. Moreover, a demolished railway bridge had partially blocked the river and so flooded the area south of the village. The Selle flows south to north and joins the Escaut or Scheldt at Denain. An operation in two phases was envisaged viz

Phase 1. Take Solesmes and the adjoining Saint-Python, including the  crossing of the River Selle;

Phase 2. Move forward to take the high ground about 2 km beyond, which overlooks Romeries.

 

16.6.2 62 Div Operations

During the night of 17 to 18.10.18 62 Div began to move forward from Carnières and Boussières to the front line just west of Solesmes, where it relieved a Guards brigade. The night of 19 to 20.10.18 saw the divisional RE (Royal Engineers) companies erecting under fire twelve assault bridges and two pontoon bridges for artillery across the swollen river, some upstream and others downstream of Solesmes/Saint-Python. At the same time the attacking force moved up to the start line near the villages from billets at Quiévy. Zero hour for Phase 1 was 2 am on 20.10.18. Because there were French civilians in the villages, only shrapnel and machine gun fire (from which they could shelter) were permitted in the creeping barrage. There was fierce street fighting, but the whole of both Solesmes and Saint-Python was taken by 7.15 am. Meanwhile another brigade of 62 Div assembled at Quiévy and from there moved forward at 4 am. One battalion moved round the left and another round the right of the village. By this time the rising water had submerged the bridges across the Selle but a crossing was made and by 7 am positions were taken up on the start line for Phase 2 just east of Solesmes. A barrage opened at once and the attack on the high ground overlooking Romeries began. The objective was reached by 10 am, contact was made with the flanking divisions and a defensive front established. After bombarding the new front line the enemy counter-attacked at 4.15 pm but was repulsed. Solesmes and Saint-Python were bombarded during the night of 20 to 21.10.18. On 23.10.18 3 Div passed through 62 Div, which then withdrew to the Quiévy - Bévillers - Cattenières area for rest.

 

16.7     The 3rd Army Plan

On 30.10.18 62 Div HQ received notice that the advance was to be continued on 4.11.18 and that the objective lines selected for the 3rd Army’s final thrust were as follows.

1st Objective           Locquinol - Herbignies - Frasnoy

2nd Objective          Saint-Rémy - Pont-sur-Sambre - Bavay - Montignies sur-Roc road

3rd Objective          Avesnes - Maubeuge - Mons.

VI Corps was to be directed on Maubeuge with 62 Div on the right, Guards Div on the left and 2 and 3 Divs in Corps Reserve.


 

16.8  The Capture of Orsinval, Frasnoy and Gogniaux

During the nights of 2 to 3.11.18 and 3 to 4.11.18 and the day between, 62 Div moved up from its rest area towards the start line for the advance on 4.11.18. This was a line running north-westwards from the west side of Le Quesnoy. Zero hour was at 5.30 am on 4.11.18, when 62 Div advanced against light opposition, leapfrogging its brigades. Orsinval was taken and by the end of that day the division had progressed 7 km and reached a north-south line lying between Frasnoy and Gommegnies. Thus the first objective had been reached. On 5.11.18 the advance resumed at 6 am and by 9 am the Bavay to Le Cateau road bordering the west side of Mormal Forest had been reached, a forward movement of about 4 km. Here resistance stiffened and the advance halted at the River de la Maladrerie at dusk. The advance was resumed at 6 am on 6.11.18. Progress was slow due to incessant heavy rain and the enclosed nature of the country. Gogniaux was taken and at 7 am a heavy counter-attack was driven off. At the end of the day the divisional front lay along the Bavay to Pont-sur-Sambre road which ran along the east side of Mormal Forest. Heavy rain continued through the night of 6 to 7.11.18. Zero hour on 7.11.18 was 6 am. There was no enemy opposition to the advance and by 10 am the Hargnies to La Longueville road had been reached. This had been the objective for the day, but GOC 62 Div had ordered that contact with the enemy must not be lost, so the advance continued. Contact was regained along a line running northward through Vieux-Mesnil where resistance hardened and 62 Div halted for the night. At this stage the second objective had been reached.

 

16.9  The Crossing of the River Sambre and Capture of Maubeuge

On 7.11.18 orders were received by GOC 62 Div that, as the enemy were retiring along the whole front, the division was to push forward to Maubeuge on 8.11.18 and establish outposts beyond. Zero hour was 6.30 am on 8.11.18 and the start line the Hargnies to La Longueville road. By 8 am a north-south line through Vieux-Mesnil was reached and consolidated in depth. At this point enemy machine gun fire became intense and artillery was called in to lay down a barrage to assist the next advance. This started at 2 pm and the Hautmont to Feignies road was reached by 2.30 pm. The advance continued that afternoon and through the following night so that next morning, 9.11.18, 62 Div was at the outskirts of Maubeuge. At 6.30 am they reached the villages of Sous-le-Bois, Louvroil and Saint-Lazare, which together form the southern suburbs of Maubeuge, and crossed the River Sambre with little opposition. They entered Maubeuge from the south as the Guards Div were entering it from the west, then set up outposts. The 10.11.18 was an uneventful day except for some desultory shelling of Recquignies, Rousies and Saint-Lazare. Early in the morning of 11.11.18 the divisional outpost line of resistance was advanced to the River Solre (here 2½ km east of Maubeuge and flowing northwards to the River Sambre) and a picket line was established to the east of the River Solre with observation posts east of Rousies. A cyclist patrol was sent out to the line Cerfontaine - Recquignies without encountering the enemy. Thus the third and final objective was reached. The Armistice became effective at 11 am on 11.11.18.

17.  The March to Germany

On 11.11.18 the GOC 62 Div received information from VI Corps HQ that the division was to become part of the occupying force in Germany. It was the only territorial division to be so ordered. The march to Germany began on 18.11.18. (Under the terms of the armistice the German army was given fourteen days to be out of all occupied territories and the allied advance would keep pace with the German withdrawal. In practice the British gave the Germans seven days from 11.11.18 and then started their own forward move).

The route followed by 62 Div was as follows:-

      Maubeuge (Sous le Bois)                 18.11.18

      Ham-sur-Heure                              

      Loverval

      Bioul

      Yvoir (Meuse crossing)

      Spontin

      Leignon                                              Halted 27.11.18 to 11.12.18

      Hamoir

      Vielsalm

      German border crossing                 15.12.18

      Malmedy

      Schleiden                                           24.12.18. Final destination

The dates refer to the leading troops of the divisional column, which could take up to three days to pass through a given location. On 28.11.18 at Leignon, information was received that 62 Div had been transferred from VI Corps to IX Corps, which was still commanded by their old GOC, now Lt Gen Sir W.P.Braithwaite KCB.

18. Casualties

The casualty figures given in Wyrall’s 62 Div History contain some small discrepancies which cannot be reliably rectified. A reasonable set of figures derived from that source for the period of service in France from 11.1.17 to 11.11.18, excluding deaths from disease, is:-

 

                  Dead      Wounded    Missing        Total

Officers    210        740              80                1030

O R’s         3100      16800          3600            23500

Total         3310      17540          3680            24530

 

19. Envoi

62 Div remained nearly three months in Germany. Then they were relieved, battalion by battalion, by a Highland division and 62 Div was disbanded. Most of its battalions were reduced to cadre, but one or two went to other divisions.

Later, a memorial to the dead of 62 Div was erected at Havrincourt and unveiled on 7.1.22.